Time complexity in isEmpty() and size()
Conclusion
isEmpty() is always O(1).
size() is mostly O(1), but it can be also O(n).
Why?
Mostly, size() and isEmpty() implementation
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| public int size() {
return size;
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}
|
For the above, both of their time complexity is O(1).
For ConcurrentLinkedQueue class
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| /**
* Returns the first live (non-deleted) node on list, or null if none.
* This is yet another variant of poll/peek; here returning the
* first node, not element. We could make peek() a wrapper around
* first(), but that would cost an extra volatile read of item,
* and the need to add a retry loop to deal with the possibility
* of losing a race to a concurrent poll().
*/
Node<E> first() {
restartFromHead: for (;;) {
for (Node<E> h = head, p = h, q;; p = q) {
boolean hasItem = (p.item != null);
if (hasItem || (q = p.next) == null) {
updateHead(h, p);
return hasItem ? p : null;
}
else if (p == q)
continue restartFromHead;
}
}
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this queue contains no elements.
*
* @return {@code true} if this queue contains no elements
*/
public boolean isEmpty() {
return first() == null;
}
/**
* Returns the number of elements in this queue. If this queue
* contains more than {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE} elements, returns
* {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}.
*
* <p>Beware that, unlike in most collections, this method is
* <em>NOT</em> a constant-time operation. Because of the
* asynchronous nature of these queues, determining the current
* number of elements requires an O(n) traversal.
* Additionally, if elements are added or removed during execution
* of this method, the returned result may be inaccurate. Thus,
* this method is typically not very useful in concurrent
* applications.
*
* @return the number of elements in this queue
*/
public int size() {
restartFromHead: for (;;) {
int count = 0;
for (ConcurrentLinkedQueue.Node<E> p = first(); p != null;) {
if (p.item != null)
if (++count == Integer.MAX_VALUE)
break; // @see Collection.size()
if (p == (p = p.next))
continue restartFromHead;
}
return count;
}
}
|
For this, isEmpty() is O(1), size() is O(n).