General

Create Self-signed Certificate with custom subject

create self-signed certificate

Self-signed Certificate

The deprecated, legacy behavior of treating the CommonName field on X.509 certificates as a host name when no Subject Alternative Names are present is now disabled by default. It can be temporarily re-enabled by adding the value x509ignoreCN=0 to the GODEBUG environment variable.

Note that if the CommonName is an invalid host name, it’s always ignored, regardless of GODEBUG settings. Invalid names include those with any characters other than letters, digits, hyphens and underscores, and those with empty labels or trailing dots.

create root key and crt

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# Here, rootCA.key is the same as rootKey.pem. Only the file extensions are different.
# rootCA.crt <==> rootCrt.pem. The reason is the same as the above.
openssl req -x509 -nodes -sha256 -days 10240 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout rootCA.key -out rootCA.crt \
	-subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost"
openssl req -x509 -nodes -sha256 \
	-newkey rsa:4096 \
	-days 10240 \
	-subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
	-keyout root.key.pem \
	-out root.crt.pem

Self-signed Certificate by Owned CA

If you don’t have the servers and clients, this section is enough for you.

If not, please reference the section Create Server Certificate and Create Client Certificate.

create by config [Recommend]

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MY_CONFIG="
[ req ]
default_bits                    = 4096
distinguished_name              = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions                  = v3_req
x509_extensions                 = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName                     = Country Name (2 letter code)
countryName_default             = CN
countryName_min                 = 2
countryName_max                 = 2

stateOrProvinceName             = State or Province Name (full name)
stateOrProvinceName_default     = Shanghai

localityName                    = Locality Name (eg, city)
localityName_default            = Shanghai

0.organizationName              = Organization Name (eg, company)
0.organizationName_default      = MyOrg, Inc.

organizationalUnitName          = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section)
organizationalUnitName_default  = Software Dept.

commonName                      = Common Name (eg, YOUR name)
commonName_default              = localhost
commonName_max                  = 64

emailAddress                    = Email Address
emailAddress_max                = 64

[ v3_req ]
subjectAltName=@alt_names
basicConstraints=CA:true

[ v3_ca ]
subjectAltName=@alt_names
basicConstraints=CA:true

[ alt_names ]
IP.1=127.0.0.1
IP.2=::1
DNS.1=localhost
"

openssl req -new -nodes \
    -newkey rsa:4096 \
    -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
    -config <(echo "${MY_CONFIG}") \
    -keyout localhost.key.pem \
    -out localhost.csr

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 365 \
	-CA root.crt.pem \
	-CAkey root.key.pem \
	-extensions v3_ca \
	-extfile <(echo "${MY_CONFIG}") \
	-in localhost.csr \
	-out localhost.crt.pem

one command [Not Recommend]

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# OPENSSL_CONF="/etc/ssl/openssl.cnf"
OPENSSL_CONF="/System/Library/OpenSSL/openssl.cnf"
openssl req -new -nodes \
    -newkey rsa:4096 \
    -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
    -reqexts SAN \
    -config <(cat "${OPENSSL_CONF}" \
        <(printf "\n[SAN]\nsubjectAltName=DNS:localhost")) \
    -keyout localhost.key.pem \
    -out localhost.csr

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 365 \
	-CA root.crt.pem \
	-CAkey root.key.pem \
	-extfile <(printf "subjectAltName=DNS:localhost") \
	-in localhost.csr \
	-out localhost.crt.pem

Create Server Certificate

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# config file is at the following
openssl req -new -nodes \
    -newkey rsa:4096 \
    -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
    -config crt_ext_server.cnf \
    -keyout server.key.pem \
    -out server.csr

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 365 \
	-CA root.crt.pem \
	-CAkey root.key.pem \
	-extensions v3_ca \
	-extfile crt_ext_server.cnf \
	-in server.csr \
	-out server.crt.pem

cat crt_ext_server.cnf

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oid_section = new_oids

[ new_oids ]
custom_base                         = 4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2
custom_user_group                   = ${custom_base}.1
custom_user_role                    = ${custom_base}.2
custom_concurrent_num               = ${custom_base}.3

[ req ]
default_bits                        = 4096
distinguished_name                  = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions                      = v3_req
x509_extensions                     = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]

[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints                    = CA:false
custom_user_group                   = ASN1:UTF8String:G1
custom_user_role                    = ASN1:UTF8String:R1
custom_concurrent_num               = ASN1:UTF8String:3
subjectAltName                      = @alt_names

[ v3_ca ]
basicConstraints                    = CA:false
nsCertType                          = server
nsComment                           = "OpenSSL Generated Server Certificate"
keyUsage                            = critical, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage                    = serverAuth
4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2.1               = ASN1:UTF8String:G1
4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2.2               = ASN1:UTF8String:R1
4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2.3               = ASN1:UTF8String:3
subjectAltName                      = @alt_names

[ alt_names ]
IP.1                                = 127.0.0.1
IP.2                                = ::1
DNS.1                               = localhost

Create Client Certificate

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# config file is at the following
openssl req -new -nodes \
    -newkey rsa:4096 \
    -subj "/C=CN/ST=Beijing/L=Beijing/O=MyOrg, Inc./OU=Software Dept/CN=localhost" \
    -config crt_ext_client.cnf \
    -keyout client.key.pem \
    -out client.csr

openssl x509 -req -sha256 -CAcreateserial -days 365 \
	-CA root.crt.pem \
	-CAkey root.key.pem \
	-extensions v3_ca \
	-extfile crt_ext_client.cnf \
	-in client.csr \
	-out client.crt.pem

cat crt_ext_client.cnf

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oid_section = new_oids

[ new_oids ]
custom_base                    = 4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2
custom_user_group              = ${custom_base}.1
custom_user_role               = ${custom_base}.2
custom_concurrent_num          = ${custom_base}.3

[ req ]
default_bits                   = 4096
distinguished_name             = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions                 = v3_req
x509_extensions                = v3_ca

[ req_distinguished_name ]

[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints               = CA:false
custom_user_group              = ASN1:UTF8String:G1
custom_user_role               = ASN1:UTF8String:R1
custom_concurrent_num          = ASN1:UTF8String:3
subjectAltName                 = @alt_names

[ v3_ca ]
basicConstraints               = CA:false
nsCertType                     = client, email
nsComment                      = "OpenSSL Generated Client Certificate"
keyUsage                       = critical, nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
extendedKeyUsage               = clientAuth, emailProtection
4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2.1          = ASN1:UTF8String:G1
4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2.2          = ASN1:UTF8String:R1
4.2.1.3.5.2.6.8.1.2.3          = ASN1:UTF8String:3
subjectAltName                 = @alt_names

[ alt_names ]
IP.1                           = 127.0.0.1
IP.2                           = ::1
DNS.1                          = localhost

Show Certificate Info

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# show message
openssl rsa -in localhost.key.pem -noout -text
openssl req -in localhost.csr -noout -text
openssl x509 -in localhost.crt.pem -noout -text